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Research Paper
Deuterium is easily destroyed in stellar interiors through nuclear fusion. It is therefore usually not expected to be present in stellar photospheres. Early-type stars, with radiative envelopes that mix slowly, may provide a favourable environment for the survival of recently accreted deuterium. In this study, we explore the detectability of deuterium in B-, A-, and F-type stars, which possess radiative envelopes that can delay the mixing and destruction of recently accreted material. We used synthetic spectra to generate model observations including deuterium, focusing on Balmer line regions, for stars with effective temperatures between 7,500,K and 12,500,K and a surface gravity of log g = 4.0. To assess the detectability of deuterium, we employed a Markov chain Monte Carlo framework over a range of signal-to-noise ratios between 100 and 1000. We then applied this method to observed spectra of the A9 star HD 32115 and the B9.5 star 21 Peg. We show how detection limits of deuterium abundance depend on signal-to-noise ratio, effective temperature, and projected rotational velocity. For example, for a 10,000,K star, the detection limit decreases from D/H, dex to -5.5 dex, as the signal-to-noise ratio increases from 100 to 1000. For HD 32115, we find an upper limit of D/H < -5.5 dex, and for 21 Peg < -4.9 dex. We conclude that the detection of deuterium on early-type stars may be possible in some heavily accretion-contaminated cases, providing a new diagnostic tool for the study of proto- or exo-planetary material.
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