The emergence of biodegradable and bioresorbable devices is currently transforming the field of implantable neurotechnology by enabling transient, biocompatible systems that avoid the risks and complications associated with permanent implants. This review explores the development of transient “green” electronics and their shift into medical applications, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize neural interfaces. A detailed overview of transient, flexible neural probes, both for the central and peripheral nervous systems, for recording and stimulation, highlights their utility in neurophysiology, neuromodulation, and neuroprosthetics. Additionally, we examine emerging strategies for transient power supplies, including energy harvesting techniques and wireless power transfer, essential for device functionality in implantable settings. Critical considerations such as biocompatibility, safety, and clinical implications are discussed, focusing on the physiological response to implanted bioresorbable materials. This study reviews and analyzes the advantages, challenges, and opportunities posed by biodegradable neurotechnology, including its potential to minimize surgical interventions and reduce long-term complications. Finally, we offer recommendations for future research and clinical translation, identifying key areas for innovation in bioresorbable neurotechnology.